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History
Environmental Threat
Site Characterization
Man. Gas Processes
Plant Wastes
Contamination Threat Modes
Residuals - Components
Sources of MGP Liquid Effluent
FMG Plants in the US
Parallel MG Technologies
Think you've found a gas works?
Locating and Confirming a Site
Locations of US Gas Plants
FMGP In The News
FMGP In The Arts
Coal-tar Site Litigation
Related sites on the Internet
Literature of Manufactured Gas
Hatheway Harangues
Publications by Dr. Hatheway
Slide Shows by Dr. Hatheway
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Hatheway Bio
Hatheway Resume
Legal Considerations

Contamination Threat Modes

Parties to FMGP site remediation are and should be faced early-on with the serious question of Why should we be concerned with gas works wastes? These questions should be posed by citizens, the media and by regulators. Responsible parties sometimes prompt such discussions, often preferring to see that coal-tar sites be labeled NIFRAP (No Further Remedial Action Planned) under the SUPERFUND Law, and left for future generations to rediscover their presence and again evaluate the environmental and human health damage that may have already been done.

Gas Works Contamination Threat Modes
Threat Type	Form of Threat	Contamination Implication
Undiscovered or Undetected Waste Volumes	All manner of leaks, spills, discharges and dumps	Out of sight; out of mind. Every larger bodies of earth media become contaminated by contaminant transport.
Plant Dump(s) - On-Site - Off-Site	Masses of solid waste debris harboring liquid PAHs in the void spaces. Masses of liquid PAHs now residing in void spaces of vadose-zone soil. Masses of tar providing contact-dissolution to passing ground water.	Release of vapor emissions to confined-spaces of existing or later structures of habitation or work overlying the unremediated coal-tar site. Release of precipitation-mobilized gas-works PAH effluents to local drainage ways and the banks or shores of surface-water bodies. Uptake of ongoing site discharge of gas liquors.
Contaminant Transport	Ammoniacal Liquors Gas Liquors Clarification Effluent Waters	Breakout into surface waters. Seepage into sewerage lines and later release. Vapor emissions to confined spaces or ground-surface release. Uptake by the food chain with subsequent ingestion by humans.

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